These new threats to health undermine the trust of users in public water services. Sustainable management of water services now involves anticipating these new risks of degradation of water quality by developing local action strategies in several areas:
- improving knowledge on the quality of resources mobilized;
- identify pollution risks and better prevent them;
- in the event of proven pollution, choose and implement technical remediation solutions (abandonment of capture, dilution or treatment, transfers and interconnections).
The prevention of pollution is done through various regulatory measures (protection of catchments, river and groundwater contracts), but can also be done by seeking to influence the practices of certain polluters. Mobilizing urban planning tools to influence the implementation of water-consuming and polluting activities is also investigated, so does information and communication toward users.
Therefore, a systemic and interdisciplinary approach that takes into account interdependencies is needed to explore solutions and build a response strategy at the scale of a service, its water resources and its stakeholders. However, the current decision-making or planning tools available to communities and their water services exist but are insufficient. The first ones were mainly developed around the issues of optimizing network asset management (infrastructure renewal, maintenance, repairs...). Traditional regulatory planning tools such as drinking water supply master plans (SDAEP) or water health safety management plans (PGSSE) are for some often built on assumptions of past projections, taking emerging pollutants into account with difficulty, and for others focused on crisis prevention, anticipation, and management in immediate operational management.
From a diagnosis, the thesis proposed here seeks to identify and characterize the response strategies to this degradation, to analyze the necessary conditions for each solution in terms of technical configuration, costs, and organization, and to develop a structured decision support method to explore these strategies
Key words : Water supply ; Pollution ; TPM
